Laws, policies, or government actions that infringe upon fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, such as the right to equality, right to life and personal liberty, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, and the right to constitutional remedies (Article 32).
Challenges to the constitutional validity of laws enacted by the Parliament or state legislatures, alleging that they violate constitutional provisions or fundamental rights, or that they fall outside the legislative competence of the enacting authority
Judicial review of executive actions, orders, notifications, or administrative decisions of government authorities, alleging violations of constitutional principles, procedural irregularities, or abuse of power.
Disputes involving the interpretation, construction, or application of constitutional provisions, including the scope and limitations of governmental powers, the separation of powers doctrine, federalism, and the distribution of legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
Challenges to the constitutional validity of amendments to the Indian Constitution, alleging violations of basic structure doctrine, fundamental rights, or procedural irregularities in the amendment process./p>
Disputes concerning the distribution of powers between the central government and state governments, conflicts over legislative jurisdiction, disputes regarding inter-state water sharing, and challenges to laws or actions affecting state autonomy
Litigation initiated by public-spirited individuals or organizations in the interest of the public welfare, seeking judicial intervention to enforce constitutional rights, protect the environment, promote social justice, or remedy systemic injustices.
Challenges to electoral laws, election processes, electoral malpractices, political corruption, and disputes related to elections, including disputes over election results, disqualification of candidates, and electoral reforms
Litigation concerning the rights of tribal and indigenous communities, including disputes over land rights, forest rights, cultural rights, protection from displacement, and challenges to laws affecting tribal autonomy and self-governance
Challenges to laws, policies, and practices that discriminate against women or violate their constitutional rights, including issues related to gender-based violence, gender equality, reproductive rights, and discrimination in employment and education